The British declare war, and Queen Victoria writes of 'the great sinfulness' of Russia having 'brought about this War' – the Crimean War The British respond with horror to the devastation. At a Turkish port on the Black Sea, the Russian navy, using exploding shells for the first time, sets a Turkish fleet afire.

Imperial Britain and France are afraid of Russian expansion.

The Japanese government signs a treaty with the United States that offers 'peace and friendship,' the opening to two ports (Shimoda and Hakodate), help for US ships wrecked off Japan's coast, protection for shipwrecked persons, and permission for US ships to buy provisions

Tsar Nicholas I of Russia goes to war against the Ottoman Turks over what he sees as his right to defend Orthodox Christians in Turkey and in Jerusalem (then under the authority of the Ottoman Empire).

He declares that he will return the following year to receive Japan's response He demands that Japan open its ports to trade with the United States.

Commodore Matthew Perry arrives in Japan with 967 men on four ships, including two steam-powered vessels, which intimidates the Japanese.

Jews he holds had once been biologically pure but they had become 'bestialized' and a threat by having mixed with Africans Degeneration he claims came with conquerors mixing with those they had conquered, polluting the purity of the conquerors' race.

The Frenchman Joseph Gobineau has two volumes of his work published, a work about the fall of civilizations that he believes is based on science.

Louis-Napoleon is declared Emperor Napoleon III. Peasants and the religiously devout give him the votes he wants He crushes an uprising, establishes a dictatorship and holds a plebiscite to justify his move.

Louis-Napoleon (Bonaparte's nephew), President of France's Second Republic, has consolidated conservative support and dissolves parliament.

Britain recognizes the right of Boers to administer their own affairs beyond its Cape Colony border so long as the Boers end slavery.

In the United States, Francis Wolle invents and patents a machine that makes paper bags.

The British arrive in lower Burma and bring opium from India for sale to the Burmese.

In the South, owning a copy of the book is made illegal In the South complaints arise that the novel is exaggeration. The novel Uncle Tom's Cabin is published. He would like to see people lower their conceit and look for happiness and meaning in the small things that make a life well-lived

Herman Melville's Moby-Dick has been published.

He becomes known for speaking English, French and Latin He invites European diplomats to his coronation.

In Siam, King Mongkut ascends the throne.

An agricultural revolution is beginning using a mechanical harvester, called Ridley's Stripper, that had been invented in Australia Food growers have a greater market for their produce, stimulating Australia's economy. There are tent cities with populations as large as 40,000. Many of the instruments and types of music that were used only a few hundred years ago are quite different than those we use and hear today, so when you come to listen to the Arapahoe Philharmonic, you will generally experience only the pinnacle (so far!) of the classical music form as we perform compositions written for the modern-day orchestra.Thousands rush to gold in Australia, including Chinese prospectors and prospectors from California. Rather than recreating yet another music history here, we have selected a few sites that can provide you with a good overview of the musical and societal events occurring during the past several millennia that resulted in the forms of music we experience in the present day. Of course, this information is barely scratching the surface about the origins and history of classical music! Indeed, there are numerous scholarly works on the subject, as well as many online resources. and the term “ orchestra” came into general use for the first time in the sense that we know it today. Italian poets and musicians gave birth to opera in about 1600 A.D. The dance ( orchesis ) was performed by the chorus in a special place in front of the stage called “ orchestra”.

During the 6th-5th centuries B.C.E., music and dance played a considerable role in presentation of Greek dramas.

Classical music timeline